The answer to the original questions about how long to recharge a battery thats dead (assuming is is not more than 3 years old and/or has other problems) is that it will take hours of driving your boat to recharge it to a near full charge.
Outboard motors dont throw a lot of current, and what it generates must power all the electrical devices on the boat when its running.
AND, batteries dont charge in minutes, its hours.
The advice about a "smart charger is very good, they are much better then trickle chargers, but dont waste your money on a 1 amp or 2 amp model if you do many 10 minute runs in the boat, you will really need something more powerful.
ProMariner mages some good ones;
https://www.overtons.com/promariner-...er-706694.html
Also the BatteryMINDer brand is really good and will extend the life of well used batterys better than most other brands;
https://www.northerntool.com/shop/to...1886_200661886
Good luck!