The newer technique is to use 2x4 construction with a rigid insulation on the exterior... usually another two inches... to prevent the ''bridging'' effect.
But other than the attic on a single story home... most of the heating/cooling is lost through air transfer. So many build tight and use an ERV.
This only works if you control the air loss through everything including your daily actions. If it is a space that you enter/leave repeatedly... the loss will be through the air transfer when the door opens.
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